Introduction

This is the word of the Lord,
Matthew 22:41-46

Matthew 22:41–46 ESV

41 Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question,
42 saying, “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “The son of David.”
43 He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord, saying,
44 “ ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet” ’?
45 If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?”
46 And no one was able to answer him a word, nor from that day did anyone dare to ask him any more questions.

Let us pray!

It seems to me that at the dawn of the new year, we have come upon a difficult text.

In my own study and preparation for this sermon, the one word I kept running into regardless of whatever resource I used, was the word difficult.

Nevertheless, I will try my best to help wrap our heads around this passage.

But I wish to go into such a thoughtful passage by first addressing the importance of ‘thinking’ in the Christian faith. So many professing Christians today feel their way through the text of Scripture instead of thinking their way through it.

If you feel your way through it, you feel encouraged by those random phrases that jump out at you.

But if you think your way through it, you have to be logical, and if you are logically sound, you will ask good questions, and good questions will lead to good discoveries of truth.

There are two dangers then in this regard.

  1. People are misguided by their feelings
  2. People are misguided by bad questions that come from a bad understanding. You may have heard it said that there is no such thing as a bad question. This is not true. Plenty of people have fallen to miserable misconceptions of truth because of bad questions that arise from an inability to be logical.

One of the reasons why we do expositional preaching in this church is to train you in the art of asking good and necessary questions.

The Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees have all failed in this regard. The poor theological standing has led them to seem wise in the way they confidently challenged Jesus, yet their questions were so foolish because it did not come from understanding.

——-——

Every year, I’ve had this thing where I hope that the very first sermon sets the stage for what the church should aim for in the coming year, like a vision for the year.

And having prayed, discussed and deliberated, this sermon is the best I can do. So, what will 2024 look like for Redemption Hill Church?

I have no idea! But this I know, Christ is LORD! And he knows! Wherever he leads, we will go.

Exegesis

Matthew 22:41 ESV

41 Now while the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them a question,

For several years, but especially in these last couple of chapters, we’ve seen the rising opposition against a bold and authoritative Jesus, and the rallying of rivals who join their efforts to trap and stumble the Christ.

And all of that now culminates with Jesus now serving his enemies a question. Since they tried to trap Jesus in what they assumed were theological inconsistencies in him, Jesus is now going to ask them to give an account for their theological inconsistency.

So, he asked them a question instead of waiting for them to shoot the next one. And the conclusion to Jesus’ challenge to them is,

Matthew 22:46 ESV

46 And no one was able to answer him a word, nor from that day did anyone dare to ask him any more questions.

We see two things here,

  • their inability to answer – your inability to answer questions should be the greatest sign that you do not know what you’re talking about. This is the fundamental craft of Christian Apologetics. Since truth is absolute, and Christianity is the only coherent worldview, apologetics aims to ask the right questions that can only be answered if one first understands the truth.
  • their lack of courage – But not only did Jesus’ pushback incapacitate their logical argumentation, it rendered them fearful to dare ask him any more questions.

This is true of anyone who dares to challenge a worthy opponent, especially one much superior to them. For whatever else they failed to understand, one thing was clear to them – this man knows God’s word thoroughly.

But the lack of their courage to ask him any more questions, I think, is much more than just that, which we will see as we unpack this passage.

So, the Pharisees were now gathered together, maybe trying to plot the next trap. And Jesus steps in to ask them a questions instead.

Matthew 22:42–45 ESV

42 saying, “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “The son of David.”
43 He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord, saying,
44 “ ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet” ’?
45 If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?”

One of the reasons that makes this passage difficult to interpret is the fact that Jesus asks several questions, and none of them are ultimately answered. The Pharisees answer the first questions and the remaining questions challenge that answer rendering it invalid. So, we’re left with nothing.

We don’t have the disciples coming later and asking Jesus what the answers were to these questions. Therefore, we have to answer them and in order to do that we have to apply our minds to the task of thinking.

Matthew 22:42 ESV

42 saying, “What do you think about the Christ? Whose son is he?” They said to him, “The son of David.”

The first question that Jesus has for them is a justification for their view of the Messiah. Since they rejected Jesus as the Messiah, he questions them regarding their assumptions of who the Messiah would be.

  • What do you think about the Christ, not what do you feel about him? What do you think? The question demands reason.
  • ‘Whose son is he’, is more specifically what Jesus is driving at. Possibly because the Jews had a hard time accepting Jesus’ messianic identity because of his ordinariness.

Matthew 13:55–57 ESV

55 Is not this the carpenter’s son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not his brothers James and Joseph and Simon and Judas?
56 And are not all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?”
57 And they took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, “A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household.”

The son of David – Their reply reflected the common understanding that the Messiah would be a royal descendant of David.

2 Samuel 7:12–14 ESV

12 When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom.
13 He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.
14 I will be to him a father, and he shall be to me a son. When he commits iniquity, I will discipline him with the rod of men, with the stripes of the sons of men,

Psalm 89:4 ESV

4 ‘I will establish your offspring forever, and build your throne for all generations.’ ” Selah

Isaiah 11:1–10 ESV

1 There shall come forth a shoot from the stump of Jesse, and a branch from his roots shall bear fruit.
2 And the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord.
3 And his delight shall be in the fear of the Lord. He shall not judge by what his eyes see, or decide disputes by what his ears hear,
4 but with righteousness he shall judge the poor, and decide with equity for the meek of the earth; and he shall strike the earth with the rod of his mouth, and with the breath of his lips he shall kill the wicked.
5 Righteousness shall be the belt of his waist, and faithfulness the belt of his loins.
6 The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the young goat, and the calf and the lion and the fattened calf together; and a little child shall lead them.
7 The cow and the bear shall graze; their young shall lie down together; and the lion shall eat straw like the ox.
8 The nursing child shall play over the hole of the cobra, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the adder’s den.
9 They shall not hurt or destroy in all my holy mountain; for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.

10 In that day the root of Jesse, who shall stand as a signal for the peoples—of him shall the nations inquire, and his resting place shall be glorious.

Jeremiah 23:5 ESV

5 “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land.

[They got it only partly right]

Matthew 22:43–44 ESV

43 He said to them, “How is it then that David, in the Spirit, calls him Lord, saying,
44 “ ‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand, until I put your enemies under your feet” ’?

Jesus takes them to that Davidic Psalm that was recognised as one of the most Messianic Psalms in the Bible – psalms that prophesied of the coming Christ.

  • The fact that the Messiah is David’s Lord isn’t a new revelation to the Pharisees. They know the Messiah would be greater in every way.

Then, why does this question incapacitate the attempts of the Pharisees to trap Jesus. How did this question shut their mouths?

  • John Piper was very helpful in this area by pointing out that the question here is ‘how’ and not ‘why’.

And so if you will turn with me to Psalm 110, let us see how David sees this Messiah.

Psalm 110

Psalm 110:1 ESV

1 The Lord says to my Lord: “Sit at my right hand, until I make your enemies your footstool.”

  • How did David come to this revelation?

Jesus says ‘in the Spirit’.

  • This is how Jesus saw Biblical authorship.
  • How did the Spirit bring this revelation to David?

I think it is through the word of God. Psalm 119:97

Psalm 119:97 ESV

97 Oh how I love your law! It is my meditation all the day.

  • your footstool – This imagery signifies the ultimate supremacy and rule of God over all things, where everything is brought into submission under His divine authority. It’s a representation of His sovereignty and power, often depicted as having His enemies or opposing forces under His control.

Psalm 110:2 ESV

2 The Lord sends forth from Zion your mighty scepter. Rule in the midst of your enemies!

  • mighty scepter – The staff of sovereignty.

[Moses, Aaron]

  • in the midst of your enemies

Psalm 110:3 ESV

3 Your people will offer themselves freely on the day of your power, in holy garments; from the womb of the morning, the dew of your youth will be yours.

  • womb of the morning | dew of your youth – the dawn of a new age, the reign of the Messiah & the perpetual freshness and vigour of that age

————

Psalm 110:4 ESV

4 The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind, “You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek.”

  • Now things get interesting. Who is Melchizedek?

Genesis 14:18–20 ESV

18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. (He was priest of God Most High.)
19 And he blessed him and said, “Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Possessor of heaven and earth;
20 and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand!” And Abram gave him a tenth of everything.

  • Priest King
  • Abram tithed Melchizedek

Who is Melchizedek? We will investigate further. But first,

  • The LORD has sworn and will not change his mind – you are a priest forever

Look at the permanence of his priesthood.

[Hebrews 7:1-28]

————

Psalm 110:5–7 ESV

5 The Lord is at your right hand; he will shatter kings on the day of his wrath.
6 He will execute judgment among the nations, filling them with corpses; he will shatter chiefs over the wide earth.
7 He will drink from the brook by the way; therefore he will lift up his head.

  • Who is the Lord here?

————

Conclusion

How does David call him Lord? In what manner?

Matthew 22:45 ESV

45 If then David calls him Lord, how is he his son?”

The coronation of Christ – the birth, death & resurrection

Acts 2:33 ESV

33 Being therefore exalted at the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this that you yourselves are seeing and hearing.

Romans 8:34 ESV

34 Who is to condemn? Christ Jesus is the one who died—more than that, who was raised—who is at the right hand of God, who indeed is interceding for us.